the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? It would serve as the model for several other significant multi-processor systems that would be among the fastest in the world. Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. The 2116A is HPs first computer. The last one was decommissioned in 1979. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. Answer (1 of 14): There's a good argument that written mathematics or music is probably the first, a pre-specified structured set of instructions intended to transport and replicate a process. Description. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. Total Cards. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Dollars. data. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. See Answer. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. OS/2 will continue to be used in special It was used to model the decay of the US nuclear arsenal, analyze financial data, and render 3D medical images in real-time. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. That's not as trivial. A computer could write it with a laser instead. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. The line was discontinued in 2014. As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. [2] They did. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Designed by scientists and engineers at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. Definition. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. The device was considered the earliest non-kit personal computer. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Produce results (output) 4. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? Computer Science. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. Southwest Technical Products is founded by Daniel Meyer as DEMCO in the 1960s to provide a source for kit versions of projects published in electronics hobbyist magazines. The micro has to have a real . For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. 25. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. Question 13. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. Term. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers. IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. A British government contract spurred its initial development but a change in government led to loss of funding and the second and only other Mark I was sold at a major loss to the University of Toronto, where it was re-christened FERUT.