Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The Spanish also brought the disease smallpox. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. It began with the Vikings' brief stint . While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. 27 chapters | All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? The magnetic compass was a compass that had a magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? This creation of a trading post empire tapped into the existing slave trade among Africans with the Portuguese fully participating and expanding the trade beyond African borders. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. This compass showed from four to eight directions. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. What are the effects of Spain exploration? The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. Spanish and Portuguese exploration brought a variety of Western ideas to the new world, including dress and leadership positions like that of the governor. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. An error occurred trying to load this video. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In addition to forcing the native populations into slavery, the Spanish explorers forced them to convert to Christianity. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. This was centre of the gold trade. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? Cortes took land from the Aztecs in what is today Mexico. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. The Portuguese explored the Canary Islands off the African coast as early as 1341, finding them perfect for the establishment of sugar colonies with labor supplied by African slaves. He also started a school Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. Islamic states had dominated. Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. The Library of Congress. This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. He received help from the neighboring cities terrorized by the Aztec empire, who periodically collected people from them to offer sacrifices to their gods in many elaborate rituals, outstripping nearby empires in their zeal. SE. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. How did Exploration impact the world? They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. Create your account. Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. Where did Christopher Columbus first land? The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. | 22 Set in the Wizarding World universe, this game finally lets you explore the castle of Hogwarts and the surrounding area with near-limitless freedom. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. Rather than leading to the discovery of gold and silver, however, the expedition simply left Coronado bankrupt. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Spain brought the ecomienda system to the New World to build plantations for mining and farming, a system that categorically abused the Amerindian labor force without fair trades for their gold. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. In August 1521, having successfully fomented civil war as well as fended off rival Spanish explorers, Corts claimed Tenochtitln for Spain and renamed it Mexico City. with an exploratory and descriptive study with a sample of five YouTube channels in Spanish and Portuguese aimed at early . The 15th and 16th centuries have often been labeled the age of exploration, discovery, and expansion. They also found a sea route to India. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. They also found a sea route to India. 201-202. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. Want to create or adapt books like this? So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. Notes FAQ Contact . What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. The time was ripe to explore, discover, and expand. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. Malintzin translated for Corts in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. European countries started to think about forming empires, spreading Christianity, and ruling the world. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. Columbus held erroneous views that shaped his thinking about what he would encounter as he sailed west. 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. 101 Independence Ave. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas . . Q. European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. Portugal explored because they needed spices and jewels and they wanted to conquer lands. Hernn Corts hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. The Dilemma of the West, African Americans in the Antebellum United States, The Filibuster and the Quest for New Slave States, An Awakening of Religion and Individualism, The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party, The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife, The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War, Congress and the Remaking of the South, 18651866, The Loss of American Indian Life and Culture, The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens, Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor, The African American Great Migration and New European Immigration, Political Corruption in Postbellum America, The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold, The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America, New Voices for Women and African Americans, The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire, American Isolationism and the European Origins of War, Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath, Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment, Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s, Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal, The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States, The African American Struggle for Civil Rights, Jimmy Carter in the Aftermath of the Storm, Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 14921650. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. (1531) Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. Many ideas and methods of expansion were flowed along over time. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. After Christopher Columbus bumped into the New World in 1492, a string of explorers and conquistadors set about claiming territory for Spain. Menu and widgets The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. explored ante empire in Mexico. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served?