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This obsession with diseases and the assimilation of blood-mixing with infection is a common characteristic, as well as a deep concern, among the most convinced racists of the time,23 and not just in Germany. Some 19th-century philosophers weren't content with the racism of White over Black people and other ethnicities. It is no wonder that an Englishman like Chamberlain became part of the Wagner Circle for Britons were considered to be members of the Aryan race like any other German(ic) man. Chamberlain is not the first eccentric who is championing this very bizarre causeperhaps bizarre only to us. Among them were Houston Stewart Chamberlain and many members of what historians later called the Bayreuther Kreis, an informal circle of members and friends of the Wagner family, including Cosima Wagner, the wife of the Master, and Ludwig Schemann. 19 Fenske, Wolfgang, Wie Jesus zum Arier wurde. ), with an introduction by Lord REDESDALE, G.C.V.O., . Chamberlain is not the first eccentric who is championing this very bizarre causeperhaps bizarre only to us. Still, the Greeks were far from perfect. He spent his winters in Cannes and springs in Florence. The Romans, of course, were the best, but they did not protect themselves; they did not protect the excellence of their blood. Hitler, Adolf, Mein Kampf, Munich, Franz Eher Verlag, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1926. But it also disappeared. Schemann, who held a doctorate in history from the University of Berlin, made a living as a raciologist (, ) at the University of Freiburg and translated Gobineaus work in German. Jahrhundert, auf welches wir jetzt () mit Stolz und zu Hoffnungen berechtigt zurckblicken, niemals erlebt, Ibid., p.161. This book had already been published in 1850, but anonymously. 5 Athens represented, for Chamberlain, the beauty of ideas and the greatness of philosophy, which as such is not a very original idea. , Leipzig, 1869. Chamberlain compiles here a collection of the most trivial commonplaces which anyone could have easily uttered, if only to appear literate at the table of a. in Germany or of a first baronet in England. The Europe the Romans had ambitioned was saved by a racial messiah: the Germanic tribes which, by invading the Empire, preserved the continent and its civilization. Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Der Fanatiker erhitzt die Kpfe, Sie erwrmen die Herzen. An early Lord Haw-Haw of sorts who was even awarded the iron cross by Kaiser William II, not for fighting in the muddy trenches of the Somme, but for insulting London in vindictive articles. His most fundamental idea was that the Germanic race was the cornerstone and the pillar of civilization. Ludwig Schemann exerted a great intellectual influence on the other members of the Wagner circle, popularizing what people started to call the Vlkisch ideology3: to fight against the (revolutionary) French idea of Nation based on the (false) assumption of equality. In it, he provides his readership with a new approach to Western history in relation to the question of race and the necessary rise of Germanic power. Doch nicht etwa der fleissige Konversationslexikonsredakteuyr Plinius?, in Chamberlain, op. The Superior Aryan Race . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Without him, the Indo-Europeans would have disappeared. Only 1869 did Richard Wagner authorize its publication under his name. Since he and Hider were very close friends and he married Wagner's daughter, one can imagine the mutually satisfactory con-versations that must have taken place among them on the subject of race. The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 1899) is a book by British-born German philosopher Houston Stewart Chamberlain.In the book, Chamberlain advances various racialist and especially vlkisch antisemitic theories on how he saw the Aryan race as superior to others, and the Teutonic peoples as a positive force in European civilization and the . Chamberlain saw in Hitler the new William II who could save Germany, as he wrote to him in a moving letter in the form of an accolade from the old philosopher of the race to the young racist politician. No surprise there, because, according to him, Christ was also a German. Auswirkungen der Entjudaisierung Christi im 19. und. houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary . , Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. Historians must therefore make the effort to understand that, for Chamberlains coevals, his book was important in that it provided an answer, at the time, to important questions and, to a larger extent, tried to give a meaning to history. 1Houston Stewart Chamberlain was a typical member of the 19th century British gentry but had the most atypical destinya destiny which was built around the culture of two countries: England which he left early and Germany which was to become his true home. Despite his English birth and family, his early indifference toward England and all things English developed into a lifelong hatred. , the vision of antiquity remained the same: a Germanic golden age in Greece and Rome which was scattered and shattered by the Jews. Bust of Houston Stewart Chamberlain.jpg 456 722; 99 KB. 10, p.296, in the English translation by MURPHY, James, London, Hurst and Blackett, 1939, vol. The Persians indeed were Jews, at least as much as the Greeks were Germans, and the Persian Wars were nothing else than a racial struggle which lasted over a century between Asia and Europe. In fact, I would call you the complete opposite of a fanatic. Houston Stewart Chamberlain. 2 diciembre, 2021 | . , New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, 565p. , Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, 1031p. (2 volumes). and not just in Germany. In very ancient times, Germanic tribes had come from the north to colonize the south. 21 Hitler, Adolf, private talk from Oct. 21st, 1941, Fhrerhauptquartier, quoted in Hitler, Adolf, Monologe im Fhrerhauptquartier, 1941-1944. Chamberlain criticized them for their lack of political sense: The Greeks have always been, and are still today, unfaithful, unpatriotic, self-centred7. In 1907 he settled in Bayreuth and married Wagners only daughter Eva, his second wife. Stackelberg, Roderick, Winkle, Sally, The Nazi Germany Sourcebook. The Jews are a case in point; if a man possesses a sacred book, which contains all wisdom, then all further investigation is as superfluous as it is sinful: the . A translation from the German by JOHN LEES, M.A., D.Litt. 17Indeed, this encounter and interview left such an impression on Chamberlain that he considered Hitler as the epitome of many essential virtuessuch virtues as warmth, kindness and selflessness, all embodied by the Fhrer of the NSDAP: You are not at all, as you have been described to me, a fanatic. Weindling, Paul, Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe, 1890-1945, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003. Silent nature awakes to the consciousness of itself, . The main postulate was quite simple: everything in human history and culture could be explained by race, as Schemann would later emphasize in the three volumes of his, . In his book, we can read that Plato was, by all means, a great philosopher. Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, The Nazi Germany Sourcebook. Jahrhunderts, Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2005. This essay introduces a textual primary source in the form of Anti-Semitic and Judeophobic excerpts from the book Foundations of the Nineteenth Century Volume 1 written by Houston Stewart Chamberlain in Germany during the late 19th century and was first published in 1899. Chamberlain could very well have been a poor mans Hegel: rewriting the history of civilization in a less than talented way, apologizing for not being able to elaborate further on what he was talking about because it would take too long and writing much nonsense on the science of the time which he was already busy repudiating. Jesus Christ was, strangely enough, of pure Germanic blood. While the Greeks had given Europe a soul, the Romans were busy shaping the body: the Imperium, the jus romanum, the legions. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Houston-Stewart-Chamberlain, The Official Site of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century. 20Houston Stewart Chamberlain died far too early to witness the rise of the NSDAP and the Gleichschaltung of Germany under Nazi rule. is a form of prolonged indictment against the Jews, depicted as a race full of hatred, longing for might and vengeance. What mattered to them was biology and race, not the law or a mere artificial citizenship. Hitler saw in Christianity a lethal plague that had affected Europe because of the Jews who made Christians out of Germans to weaken them. They were never able to create a unified Hellenic state and, instead, spent centuries launching fratricide wars against each other, only to exhaust the race in endless massacres of the Athenians by the Spartans and vice versa, until it bled to death. It was high time the saviour appeared.18. Johann Chapoutot. These people are too stupid to think for themselves28. Meuchelmrderisch hatte sich der asiatische und. Die Nazis erklrten ihn zu ihrem Vordenker. Chamberlain indulges in the most appalling stereotypes of the. Jahrhunderts, Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2005. Broken, mumbling, tears in his eyes. Wie Jesus zum Arier wurde. houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary. is to serve the Germanic race". Despite this biological disaster or the inevitable fall of the Romans, the Nordic race did not disappear. In Chamberlains work, the past is a warning for the present. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (September 9, 1855 - January 9, 1927) was a British-born naturalized German natural scientist, and author of popular scientific and political philosophy books (includes those on Richard Wagner, Immanuel Kant and Johann Wolfgang Goethe) as well as proponent of a nationalist and pan-Germanic antisemitism. how quickly does holly grow. 2, John . If politicians had been more aware of his work, states would be far better off now, writes Hitler: Those who had the government of the country in their hands were quite as indifferent to principles of civil wisdom laid down by thinkers like H. S. Chamberlain as our political leaders now are. But his several tracts written during World War I are interesting in their own right as documents of German nationalist . (). [11] Ulterior a devenit cetean german i ginere al lui Richard Wagner, dup ce s-a cstorit cu fiica acestuia, Eva von Blow. (M a h b h r a t a) 4 Translation from the German, based upon the 8th edition of Arische Weltanschauung, published by F. Bruckmann A.-G., Munich 1938 5 Dedicated to the indologist Leopold von Schroeder Counter-revolutionary theoreticians exalted in Germany the biological idea of the Volk and coined the word vlkisch as an alternative to the French adjective national. Greek and Roman antiquity play an essential part in his argumentation. He could have been a typical character from, ; he who could not embrace the military career his father had ambitioned for him and went on travelling instead. While their cousins who had stayed in the north still ate raw meat and lived in caverns, the Germans of the Souththat is to say, the Greeks and the Romansate healthy food and created civilisation. 9 Sep 1855 Portsmouth, Hampshire, England d. 9 Sep 1927 Bayreuth: Geneagraphie - Families all over the world This idea was borrowed by Chamberlain from many racist historians and theoreticians of the time. He wrote these excerpts to make Germany aware of what he . Trailblazer, pioneer! Those three cities had been, throughout the 19. century, the epitome of Western culture: the Greeks had bequeathed philosophy and the arts, the Romans the Law and the Empire, and Jerusalem had opened a new path to salvation with the teachings of Jesus Christ. , Hamburg, Albrecht Knaus Verlag, 1980, 496p., p.96. geschrieben hat, ist gelinde gesagt dumm, Hitler quoted in Rauschning, Hermann. Houston Stewart Chamberlain The real representative advocate of racial theory in the pre . They then left testimonies of their genius in immaculate and pristine temples that were currently used, in the 19. century, to demonstrate the superiority of white mankind. This idea was borrowed by Chamberlain from many racist historians and theoreticians of the time. Regrettably, a number of Chamberlain's most important works are still accessible only to those who know German, the language in which he did Chamberlain saw in Hitler the new William II who could save Germany, as he wrote to him in a moving letter in the form of an accolade from the old philosopher of the race to the young racist politician.24 Chamberlain addresses a most respected and dear Herr Hitler, the only one who could give him strength and peace, confidence and energy, everything that he had lost in August 1914, when Germany entered a fateful war: I have been wondering why it was you of all people, you who are so extraordinary in awakening people from sleep and humdrum routines, who recently gave me a longer and more refreshing sleep than I have experienced since that fateful day in August 1914 when I was first struck down by this insidious sickness. However, it was quite successful from the 1900s to the 1930s; it sold over 200000 copies. 23 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century: A Translation from the German by John Lees, vol. He holds my hand and won't let me go. ., Evangelist of Race. as sufficiently self-explanatory, despised Rosenbergs reflections which Goering himself went as far as to call a mere philosophical burp. Der Fanatiker will berreden, Sie wollen berzeugen, nur berzeugen, und darum gelingt es Ihnen auch; ja, ich mchte Sie ebenfalls fr das Gegenteil eines Politikers dieses Wort im landlufigen Sinne aufgefat erklren, denn die Asche aller Politik ist die Parteiangehrigkeit, whrend bei Ihnen alle Parteien verschwinden, aufgezehrt von der Glut der Vaterlandsliebe. Greetings to you, spiritual father. Two of his uncles were generals, and a third was a . He resented Chamberlain for not being aware of that scourge. You probably mean Arthur Neville Chamberlain(1869-1940), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.And yes, if you mean Field Marshal Sir Neville Chamberlain (1820-1902), prominence in Munity etc . He became somewhat of a war hero during the First World War, during which he was a talented propagandist against his own country, Great Britain. In Chamberlains work, the past is a warning for the present. Houston Stewart Chamberlain - The German WorldviewAlexander Jacob - with Pedro VarelaLibreria Europa, Barcelona, 2007https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780761829126/Po. English author of books on political philosophy (1855-1927) edit. The Holocaust was the culmination of a number of factors over a number of years. The known world, the oekoumene, reached its apex around the first century A.D., when the Romans, having conquered Greece, managed to combine their chtonian gravitas with the celestial intelligence and inspiration of the Greeks. This is one of the better clichs of the German historiography of the second half of the 19th century: only the Nordic king, Alexander of Macedonia, managed to unify Greece and put an end to endless campaigns by creating an Empire, like King Wilhelm of Prussia who succeeded in 1871 in unifying the different German tribes and states into a mighty Empire.8 Fortunately, the Greeks were great artists, like the Germans themselves. Beck, 1999, 534p. NF, Beat, Von Perikles zu Hitler? The naturalized German citizen Houston Stewart Chamberlain wrote in 1899 that the German race struggled to maintain its purity because of the Darwinian form of natural selection that caused Germans to feel a revulsion toward intermixing with lesser races. Decultot, Elisabeth, Johann Joachim Winckelmann. As for Aristotle, he would not have been remembered in the same way had it not been for Plato. Johann Chapoutot, From Humanism to Nazism: Antiquity in the Work of Houston Stewart Chamberlain ,Miranda [Online], 11|2015, Online since 23 July 2015, connection on 05 March 2023. A true anti-Semite, Wagner wrote an essay against the perversion of the arts by the Jews entitled Jewishness in Music (Das Judentum in der Musik1) that led Friedrich Nietzsche to break with him but that gained him the affection of many dubious devotees. He became ill but was reinvigorated by a visit Adolf Hitler paid him in 1923. Relying on Sanskrit being part of the Indo-Aryan, and thereby part of the Indo-European, family of languages, from which he supposes a common ancestry, he deems Europeans can benefit greatly from a study of the Vedic texts, the latter . Field, Geoffrey G., Evangelist of Race. Hitler also held a view that Aryans had developed an ancient civilization . The fanatic wants to overwhelm people with words, you wish to convince, only to convince themand that is why you are successful. What can you say of a 1200 years long history that does not offer a single philosopher, not even the most modest one? Schemann, who held a doctorate in history from the University of Berlin, made a living as a raciologist (Rassenkndler) at the University of Freiburg and translated Gobineaus work in German. He published in 1899, in Munich, a very large book entitled the. As a tribute to Chamberlain, and in the similar style of his book, Alfred Rosenberg, the chief ideologist of the Nazi party, entitled his own work, The Myth of the 20th Centurya book which was meant to be, with Mein Kampf, the gospel of Nazism. For many people in the 19, : many Christian racists of the period could not bear the idea of their Messiah being a Jew. Die Aufzechnungen Heinrich Heims, herausgegeben von Werner Jochmann, Hamburg, Albrecht Knaus Verlag, 1980, 496p., p.96. 27 Sie haben Gewaltiges zu leisten vor sich, aber trotz Ihrer Willenskraft halte ich Sie nicht fr einen Gewaltmenschen. Houston Stewart Chamberlain 4: Hans Gnther 5: Hitler and Mein Kampf . The early Parteigenossen of the 1920s or the people who cast their ballot for the NSDAP in the 1930s did not want the annihilation of Poland or the Holocaust. . Sie haben Gewaltiges zu leisten vor sich, aber trotz Ihrer Willenskraft halte ich Sie nicht fr e, Resorting to antique concepts and quoting Goethe, Chamberlain celebrates Hitler as the creator of a, , the hero who fights against every sort of, : You know Goethe's distinction between force and force. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, (born Sept. 9, 1855, Southsea, Hampshire, Eng.died Jan. 9, 1927, Bayreuth, Ger. For todays readers, it is nothing more than a flood of words and phrases, an accumulation of commonplaces, false ideas and lies without any firm structure or real coherence. Racism, including racial antisemitism, was always an integral part of German National . In this monumental piece of work, he tried to answer the following questions: what made (t)his period the most remarkable one in history? Why was the world precisely how it should be (the white population thus rewarded for its supremacy over the others)? Twisted Cross. This would be taught in the ideological courses every member of the party (among which, members of the SS) had to take. 8What is interesting, however, is the following statement: according to Chamberlain, the Romans and the Greeks, the founding fathers of our European civilization, were indeed Germans. race - race - Gobineaus Essay on the . Es war hohe Zeit, dass der Retter erschien, Ibid., p.549. houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary. This idea allowed Chamberlain to combine both his vast amount of knowledge in history as well as in the humanities, in general. The son of a naval officerhis father was an admiral in the Royal Navy , he spent his whole youth travelling around Europe. In 1899 Chamberlain wrote his most important work, 'Die Grundlagen des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts' . Chamberlain is unique, however, in the fact that he is the only author surveyed in . Wie Jesus zum Arier wurde. Apart from being a compendium of all the cultural clichs of the time, Chamberlains. The Romans, of course, were the best, but they did not protect themselves; they did not protect the excellence of their blood. After years of travelling and wandering/wondering about new ideas, he found in the racist theories of Schemann and other Rassentheoretiker of the time a unified vision of the worlda true Weltanschauung. Es gibt eine Gewalt, die aus Chaos stammt und zu Chaos hinfhrt, und es gibt eine Gewalt, deren Wesen es ist, Kosmos zu gestalten. This attempt at completing the Nazi evangelium was not crowned with success: Hitler, who considered. In his book, we can read that Plato was, by all means, a great philosopher. DICE Dental International Congress and Exhibition. Jahrhunderts. Rome was destroyed by the Jews because it had not protected the purity of its race and because it was never able to lead a proper racial war: a total war of annihilation. Die vlkische Bewegung im wilhelminischen Kaiserreich. Feb by Claudio. Being a Nazi in 1926 was just not the same than being a Nazi in 1938, 1942 or 1944. () Where are the roman scientists? He mumbles, wants to speak, he can'tand then weeps like a child! emphasizes the importance of race, nation, personality, the creative idea in history . But in his book, Chamberlain laid down the foundations for a vision of history that was to nurture the Nazi Weltanschauung. In very ancient times, Germanic tribes had come from the north to colonize the south. So the Berbers of Morocco were Nordic originally. otto porter wilt chamberlain son. En 1899, ses Fondements du 19me sicle le font connatre dun vaste public: il y relit la totalit de lhistoire de loccident au prisme de la race et du ncessaire avnement de la puissance germanique. View all Houston Stewart Chamberlain Quotes. Auswirkungen der Entjudaisierung Christi im 19. und zu Beginn des 20. He also had quite a vast cultural knowledge for a self-made man. (Houston Stewart Chamberlain, 1855 9 9 ~ 1927 1 9 ) , , . This beautiful race (in every regard) was dominant in Germany and Austria, but also within the elites of the British Empire and of the United States of America; it extended to the French elites as well, but only partly. He reciprocated by paying a tribute to Chamberlain in Mein Kampf. They were never able to create a unified Hellenic state and, instead, spent centuries launching fratricide wars against each other, only to exhaust the race in endless massacres of the Athenians by the Spartans and vice versa, until it bled to death. Like Hegel, Chamberlain praised the Greeks for inventing freedom and the key notion of personality: Over there, in Asia, in the East, no man had ever been a person. Farewell! 10Apart from being a compendium of all the cultural clichs of the time, Chamberlains Foundations is a form of prolonged indictment against the Jews, depicted as a race full of hatred, longing for might and vengeance. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (September 9, 1855 - January 9, 1927) was a British-born author of books on political philosophy, natural science and Richard Wagner. The edict of Caracalla in 212 was the beginning of the end: the Romans were to die of a slow death, all victims of this blood disease, after having mixed their blood with Arabs, Africans and Jews. The main postulate was quite simple: everything in human history and culture could be explained by race, as Schemann would later emphasize in the three volumes of his Rasse in den Geisteswissenschaften. Schemann, Ludwig, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, Munich, Lehmanns Verlag, 1930. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/6680; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/miranda.6680, Professor of History - Junior Member, Institut Universitaire de FranceSorbonne Nouvelle Universityjohann.chapoutot@univ-paris3.fr, Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Site map Legal information & Credits Links Directories and labels Syndication, OpenEdition member Published with Lodel Administration only, You will be redirected to OpenEdition Search, Expressions of Environment in Euroamerican Culture / Antique Bodies in Nineteenth Century British Literature and Culture, Antique Bodies in Nineteenth Century British Literature and Culture, From Humanism to Nazism: Antiquity in the Work of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Houston Stewart Chamberlain was a social Darwinist and a true racist. They then left testimonies of their genius in immaculate and pristine temples that were currently used, in the 19th century, to demonstrate the superiority of white mankind. Frithjof Hallman On September 9, 1980, the 125th anniversary of the birth of Houston Steward Chamberlain, the renowned philosopher and son-in-law of the composer Richard Wagner, was celebrated by West German conservatives. 9During ancient times, the Germans ruled over their conception of the world and could therefore explore and organize it: the science of the Greeks helped understand the cosmos, while the legions and the laws of the Romans imposed the Nordic order to the world.